Paperwhite narcissus (Narcissus papyraceus) are fragrant, beautiful flowering bulbs that thrive indoors, especially during the winter months. They are easy to grow and perfect for brightening up your home or as a holiday gift. Here’s how to care for them properly:

Planting and Watering

Paperwhite plants can be grown in either water or soil:

Growing in Water:

• Use a shallow bowl or container that can hold water.

• Place the bulbs with their pointed end facing up.

• Add water until it just touches the base of the bulbs (don’t submerge them completely to avoid rotting).

• You can place decorative pebbles at the base to help anchor the bulbs.

• Change the water every few days to prevent stagnation and bacterial growth.

• Ensure the roots are submerged but not the bulb itself.

Growing in Soil:

• Use well-draining potting soil in a container with drainage holes.

• Plant the bulbs 1-2 inches deep, with their pointed ends facing upward.

• Water the soil to keep it moist but not overly wet.

• Keep the soil consistently moist but avoid overwatering. The soil should feel damp but not waterlogged.

• Allow excess water to drain out of the bottom of the container to prevent root rot.

Light

Paperwhites thrive in bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch their delicate foliage, so place them near a window with filtered light. If natural light is insufficient, use fluorescent or grow lights to supplement their needs.

Fertilizer

Paperwhites typically do not need much fertilization unless you notice stunted growth or poor blooming. If desired, feed them with a diluted liquid houseplant fertilizer once every two weeks after they’ve sprouted.

Pruning & Deadheading

• As flowers fade, remove the spent blooms by cutting them off at the base to encourage the plant to put energy into new growth rather than seed production.

• Allow the foliage to naturally yellow and die back after the plant has bloomed. This is the plant’s way of replenishing energy for future growth.

Post-Bloom Care

After the blooms fade, you can:

1. Let them rest: Allow the leaves to die back naturally. This will give energy to the bulb for next season's growth.

2. Replant or discard the bulb: Paperwhites are typically grown as annuals indoors. You can replant them outdoors in milder climates or dispose of them after they’ve finished blooming.

Common Problems

Here’s how to troubleshoot some common issues:

• Yellowing leaves: This is normal as the plant finishes its life cycle. However, ensure you’re not overwatering or exposing it to extreme cold or heat.

• No flowers: This could be due to insufficient light, improper watering, or stress from temperature fluctuations.

• Drooping stems: Often caused by inadequate support, too much water, or lack of light. Ensure the plant has access to bright, indirect light.

Propagation

Paperwhites are not commonly propagated, as their bulbs do not divide easily. They are best enjoyed as annual plants grown from purchased bulbs each season.

Pests & Diseases

Paperwhites are generally pest-resistant but may be prone to:

• Root rot: Ensure proper drainage to prevent overwatering.

• Aphids: Treat with insecticidal soap if you spot small bugs on the leaves.

Tips for Success

• Use fresh, healthy bulbs that feel firm and free of rot or mold. Discard any with soft spots or visible signs of decay.

• Paperwhites bloom faster if exposed to slightly cooler temperatures.

• Keep the space well-ventilated to prevent mold or mildew, especially if you’re growing them in water.